"1. THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Basic Facts
The Czech Republic is situated in the middle of Europe. It is surrounded (obklopeno) by Germany to the west, Poland to the north, Slovakia to the east and Austria to the south.
The area of the Czech Republic is 78 866 square kilometres and it has about 10.5 million inhabitants. The capital is Prague.
The Czech Republic is divided (rozdělena) into 3 main parts - Bohemia in the west, Moravia in the east and Silesia in the north-east. The national flag consists (skládá se) of a white and red stripe and a blue triangle. It is a country with nice countryside, rich culture and history.
History
1918 - Czechoslovakia was established (založeno), Masaryk was elected (zvolen) as the first president, World War I. ended
1939 - 1945 – World War II.
1948 - The Communist Party took power
1968 - The occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union
1989 - The Velvet Revolution and the fall of communism
1993 - Czechoslovakia split (rozdělilo) into the Czech Republic and Slovakia
1999 - The country joined NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
2004 - The country joined the EU
Geography
The Czech Republic has a moderate climate. There are 4 seasons with cold winters and hot summers. We can find lowlands (nížiny) there and along the borders (hranic) there are mountains.
In the north of the country there are the Krkonoše Mountains with the highest mountain Sněžka (1602 m). In the south there are the Šumava Mountains and in the west there are Krušné Mountains. The important mountains are also the Jeseníky and the Beskydy Mountains.
The longest river is the Vltava. Other important rivers are the Labe, Odra and Morava.
Political system
The Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy with the President as the head of state. The president is elected every 5 years by the parliament. The parliament consists of two houses - The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. There are 200 deputies in the Chamber of Deputies, and they serve a 4-year term. The Senate have 81 members who are elected for 6 years.
Famous Czechs
Charles IV. was one of the most popular Czech kings. He built the famous Charles Bridge and Karlštejn Castle. He found the first Czech university = Charles University in Prague.
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was the first president of Czechoslovakia.
Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana were symphonic composers.
Milada Horáková is a symbol of anti-communist resistance (vzdor).
Karel Čapek and Milan Kundera was famous Czech writers.
Some famous athletes are Emil Zátopek as a runner or Jaromír Jágr for ice-hockey."

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