"6. The USA

6.1 Basic Facts
= United States of America
The USA is a federation of 50 states and situated in North America. The US is bordered to the north by Canada and to the south by Mexico.
The area of the USA is about 9,6 milion square kilometres and it has a population of about
300 million. The capital city is Washington D.C. (District of Columbia).
The national flag of the US consists of 2 oblongs (obdélník). It is a smaller blue oblong with the 50 white stars symbolize 50 states and one large oblong consisting of 6 white and 7 red stripes, which symbolizing the original 13 colonies.
Official language of the US is English and the currency (měna) of US is an american dollar.

6.2 History
America was discovered (objevit) in 1492 by Christopher Columbus. The first original Americans are the Indians.
In 1776 the Declaration of Independence (Prohlášení nezávislosti) was signed (podepsáno) and the US gained (získat) its independence (nezávislost) from Britain. The first American president was George Washington.
Between 1861 - 1865 there was a Civil War - War between the North and the South. The North was the winner of the war and slavery (otrokářství) was abolished (zrušit). In both WWI. and WWII. the US began as a netural state. But in fact, acted (jednat) as an arsenal and banker for the Allies. Since the end of the WWII., the US has been the most dominant nation (národ) in the world.

6.3 Geography
The US has a temperate climate, but there are extremes in Alaska (artic) and Florida and Hawaii (tropical).
In the west there are mountains. For example Sierra Nevada, Cordilleras or the Cascade Range. The highest mountain of the US is Mount McKinley, which lies in Alaska.
The East contains of lowlands such as the Mississippi Lowland.
The USA has also many rivers. The longest river is Mississippi, which is the third longest river in the world. Other American rivers are the Niagara, the Snake or the Colorado.
The lakes are for example Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan.
The famous national parks are Grand Canyon, Yosemite and the Central park.
But the nature can be also dangerous, there can be for example tornados or hurricanes.

6.4 Political system
The USA is a federal republic with the president as the head of the state.
The government is divided into three branches (části): the Executive power (výkonná moc), Legislative power (legislativní moc) and Judicial power (soudní moc).
The Congress consists of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives (sněmovna reprezentantů) .
There are two main political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
The President is elected for a four year term and may only be elected twice.

6.5 The most famous cities

Washington D.C.
Is the capital city of the USA. There are a lot of interesting places.
White House is the president´s residence
Pentagon is the largest single building in the world.

New York
Is is the largest city in the US. There are live about 10 million people. There are a lot of interesting places.
The Statue of Liberty is one of the symbols of New York.
Empire State Building is the highest building in NY.
The Central Park is the most visited park in USA.
Other places: Brooklyn Bridge, Broadway, Wall Street, Manhattan.

6.6 The other famous cities
Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Houston, Chicago, Dallas, Philadelphia and others."

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