1.

Resume

2.	Introduction

3.	Specification of problem and definitions

4.	Short characteristic of searched process in DRC, Sierra Leone, Liberia

4.1	Tab.1 - Development of political process in selected countries

4.2	Tab. 2 - Short comparison of political aspects in selected countries

4.3	Political rights and liberties

5.	„Old vs. new faces“

6.	Conclusion

“ We have chosen three Subsaharan countries for research where peaceable and democratization process were both recently in the same time so at the turn of 20th and 21th century: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Democratic republic of Congo (former Zaire). It doesn't go only about these countries of region where presently peaceable and democratization process is but only in these three countries considerable interference from foreign power was. Other countries (e.g . Rwanda or SAR) went through either only peaceable or democratization process and for mutual comparision were misbecoming. There are essentially differencies among three selected countries. Two of them are english-speaking and one is francophone. There are differencies among areas, numbers of inhabitants or past in colonial era (Sierra Leone and DRC were colonies, Liberia was independent state under the rule of the USA). First intention of research was analysis of all political representatives by levels of parliamentary members but there was so low measure of validately indications. From this reason we must our research restrict only to presidents, vice - presidents and representatives of governments. After selection of all available information remained very low and essentially misrepresented results of research. According to our opinion beyond nonavailability of indications can witness about opacity of peaceable and democratization process in selected countries in this aspect.
Definition „peaceable process“ presents above all resources and tools servant to termination of conflictful phase and starting stability. Termination of conflict with help of international partnership is very often succeeded by democratic election and it is respectively connected for interested groups with significant financial advantages. In phase of peaceable process it walks above all about disbandment and reintegration armed components. These resources go above all over their political organizations whereby is affirmed mutual dependence politicians to „ their" soldiers. Already this phase used to be often criticised because persons who don´t participate don´t get financial aid. „Fighting people“ so get economic advantage compared to „non – combatant“ who suffered from conflict often in even bigger measure.
In the second democratization phase the military or paramilitary structures convert to political structures (both phase usually overlap) and there is a significant financial aid again. Militant or undemocratic groupment gain financial resources for their agreement with conversion to legal political morión. And this practise favouritism converted groups compared to no militant and democratic organizations. Hereat dependence of finance used for election significant is in Subsaharan Africa abnormally high (Fate of Africa, 2006) and in this financial relatively opaque environment also exist dependence of power on economic benefit. As a result rises this model „economic success › political power › economic power › economic success“ which prohibits deeper pluralism of society (see Bostwana, Namibia, Gabon etc.).

Short characteristic of searched process in DRC, Sierra Leone, Liberia

Tab.1 - Development of political process in selected countries
DRC Liberia Sierra Leone
Independence 1960 1847 1961
Beginning of unstability since 1960 since 1980 since 1961
Military dictatorship YES YES YES
Transformation
to multipartism YES YES YES
Existence of civil war YES YES YES
Transitional government YES YES NO
Election, stability 2006 2005 2002

As you can see from this table this three selected countries have a lot of common characteristic points but there is one big difference too. While DRC and Sierra Leone started to fight immediately after gaining independence in Liberia was the situation different. The period between independence and fight was longer.
In the next part of our article we confronted above - mentioned table with renowned servers AFRICAN ELECTIONS and FREEDOMHOUSE."

Obsahuje grafy a tabulky.