1.

Úvod

2.1

Německo

2.2

Španělsko

2.3	Česká Republika

2.4

Polsko

3.

Závěr

"The members of a group, in this context the members of the Turkish community, accept the group membership as part of the self and define themselves in terms of this group. Therefore, the clustering of the Turks in special areas can also be explained by the Social Identity Theory (SIT). In order not to define themselves in completely new terms in categories of the receiving society, the immigrants try to get access to groups which are, due to values and shared understandings, similar to their own beliefs. Even when they may experience a change in their status or/and material circumstances, this will never have as serious effects on the acculturation process as usual. It is much easier for immigrants to settle where they could speak their native language and get food that is at least somewhat familiar.
The Turkish newcomers will find themselves in a minority position in terms of their cultural background, but becoming a member of a cultural community, which is in various ways so similar to the native culture helps to adapt to the new society.

In order to explore further causes why the segregated areas emerged in the first place, one hast to analyze these segregated areas in an accurate way. The inner-city districts with many big apartment houses constructed before World War I have become the `traditional’ residential areas of the Turkish population, large quarters built in the past for the working class. To mention are in this case “Berlin Mitte” (28 453 Turks), “Kreuzberg” (21 915 Turks) and “Neukölln” (25 094 Turks) . Reasons for the concentration of the Turks are multifaceted. Turks prefer obviously these residential areas with a social network and infrastructure of their own group and the closeness of familial and social contacts. That imply, that the residential segregation is not always “forced” onto the immigrants; they cluster to some degree voluntarily. Another reason may be that the Turks are afraid of moving to different quarters as the mentioned ones due to fear of discrimination and prejudices.
The residential segregation could be as well caused by the effect of “bad neighborhoods”. This means that the crime rate is, comparing to other districts in Berlin, relatively high just like the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate of foreigners in Berlin stands with 37% (compare to the unemployment rate of the Germans in Berlin with 15.5 %) at a very high level. Therefore, these areas are characterized by inhabitants who are most likely dependent on the social welfare benefit. This phenomenon results in lower rents and hence inhabitants, who have, in all likelihood, a below-average social status and a foreign background. The members of the majority group, in this context therefore the Germans, are willing to pay a higher rent in order to avoid this rather unsafe districts. To sum up, one can observe that the Turkish community in Berlin has been characterized for many years by a rather high degree of segregation in inner-city areas."