"First settlers
-from Europe during Ice Age (isles still connected with continent)
-not settled life- migrating and looking for food (hunters)
-the Neolithic revolution (domestication of animals, farming, pottery)
Celts
 around 750- 12 BC
 the most powerful nation
 3groups ( Gauls- France, Britons- GB, Gaels- Ireland)
 small village groups, collected into tribes (ruled by queen/ king)
 arable fields around village
o houses- thatched or straw roofs, hill forts (on a top of a hill)
 N- made of stones and clay
 S- wattle and daub
o religion- Celtic polytheism (nature workship, great knowledge of healing, belief in afterlife-soul in head)
 druids- priest
bring sacrifices, high position in society, predicting of future
o warlike and brave, wild style, swords, axes, round shields

Roman invasion
-55 BC 1st Roman invasion (not very successful – cold weather
43 AD 2nd invasion
- to extend territories, deposits of gold a silver in GB
- NEW- building town , founding spas
-2n century- Hadrian Wall- to protect Roman against Scottish
-brought, Latin, cuisine an d culture
-Queen Boldica- united Celts against Roman

Anglo-Saxon invasion
-5-6 ct.
-their own language (Germanic) and Old English was created
-Beowulf
-lot of legends (king Arthur)



-the late 8th to mid-11th century
-Europe, Asia, North Atlantic oceans
-world- a lot of origins
 old Norse-Viking – raiding activity or piracy
 old Islandie- Viking- creek, small bay
-in France – Normans, in Gaelia- Lochlanach
-fishery, agriculture, piracy
-men- traveling, women, children, slaves-at home (women- respectable position in society)
-since 8th ct. expansions to Britain and France (lack of arable land)
-religion- polytheistic, as a war motivation
-similar to Greek (original gods created the new ones)
-dragon ships- drakkars
-usually connected with wars and blood
-NEW- establishing towns (York, Dublin)
-trade

Edward the Confessor
 established Westminston Abbey
 king in the 11th ct.
 ruled for 20 years

William the Conqueror
 1066 battle of Hastings
 cruel man, conquered almost the whole country




HENRY II.
-energetic man, good commander, great monarch, House of Plantagenet
-reformed justice, restored state administration, reduced authority
-friendship with Thomas Beckett ( the Archbishop of Cantebury)
- they grew up together, his Chancellor
-adult: Henry II wanted the power only for him
-in France (France and GB ruled by one king)
-associate of Thomas Beckett´s death"